Home  ›  Ask Not What Your Country Can Do for You, but Ask What You Can Do for Your Country"

Ask Not What Your Country Can Do for You, but Ask What You Can Do for Your Country"

Written By Monday, February 14, 2022 Add Comment Edit

44th United States presidential inauguration

Presidential inauguration of
John F Kennedy
Jfk inauguration.jpg
Appointment Jan 20, 1961; 61 years agone  (1961-01-20)
Location United states Capitol,
Washington, D.C.
Organized by Joint Congressional Committee on Countdown Ceremonies
Participants John F. Kennedy
35th President of the United States
— Assuming office
Earl Warren
Chief Justice of the United States
— Administering adjuration
Lyndon B. Johnson
37th Vice President of the United states of america
— Assuming office
Sam Rayburn
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
— Administering oath

← 1957

1963 (extraordinary) →

The inauguration of John F. Kennedy as the 35th president of the United States was held on Friday, January twenty, 1961, at the Eastward Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Information technology was the 44th inauguration, marking the commencement of Kennedy'southward presidency and Lyndon B. Johnson's only term as vice president. Kennedy was assassinated 2 years, 306 days into this term, and Johnson succeeded to the presidency.

Kennedy had narrowly defeated Richard Nixon, the incumbent vice president, in the presidential election. He was the kickoff Cosmic to become president, the youngest person elected to the office, and the beginning U.S. president to have been built-in in the 20th century.

His inaugural address encompassed the major themes of his campaign and would define his presidency during a fourth dimension of economical prosperity, emerging social changes, and diplomatic challenges.[one] This inauguration was the get-go in which a poet, Robert Frost, participated in the program.

For this inauguration, the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies was chaired by Senator John Sparkman, and included Senators Carl Hayden and Styles Bridges, and Representatives Sam Rayburn, John W. McCormack, and Charles A. Halleck.[2]

Sinatra inaugural ball [edit]

[Sinatra'southward brawl] may have marked the moment when popular entertainment became an indispensable function of modernistic politics.

— Todd S. Purdum, Vanity Fair, Feb. 2011[3] [iv]

Frank Sinatra and Peter Lawford organized and hosted a pre-countdown ball at the D.C. Armory on the eve of Inauguration day, January 19, 1961, considered i of the biggest parties e'er held in the history of Washington, D.C.[3] [4] Sinatra recruited many Hollywood stars who performed and attended, and went as far as convincing Broadway theatres to suspend their shows for the night to suit some of their actors attending the gala.[4] With tickets ranging from $100 per person to $x,000 per group, Sinatra hoped to heighten $1.7 meg ($xiv.seven 1000000 in today's dollars) for the Autonomous Party to eliminate its debt brought on by a difficult-fought campaign.[3] [four] Many Hollywood stars gave cursory speeches or performed acts, apposite past Kay Thompson and directed by Roger Edens, and stayed at the Statler-Hilton Hotel where preparations and rehearsals were photographed by Phil Stern.[four] Performances and speeches included Fredric March, Sidney Poitier, Nat Rex Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Cistron Kelly, Tony Curtis, Janet Leigh, Bill Dana, Milton Berle, Jimmy Durante, Harry Belafonte, and Sinatra himself.

Sammy Davis, Jr., a long-time friend of Sinatra, supporter of the Autonomous Political party, and fellow member of the Rat Pack, was asked past John F. Kennedy not to attend the gala at the behest of his male parent Joseph,[3] fearing that his interracial spousal relationship to Swedish actress May Britt was likewise controversial for the time and occasion, much to Sammy's and Sinatra's dismay.[iii] [4] Davis had already postponed his hymeneals to Britt until after the election, also at the request of the Kennedy campaign via Sinatra.[5] Davis eventually switched his support to the Republican Party and Richard Nixon in the early on 1970s. Harry Belafonte expressed sadness at the controversy, stating "It was the administrator, [only] we didn't know that until after. Sammy not existence at that place was a loss."[3]

At the finish of the ball, Kennedy spoke to give thanks Sinatra on the festivities and his support of the Democratic Party throughout his life and the 1960 campaign, adding "The happy relationship between the arts and politics which has characterized our long history I think reached culmination tonight."[4] Jacqueline retired to the White Business firm earlier the brawl ended at 1:30 am (ET), and John went to a second pre-inaugural ball hosted by his male parent Joseph Kennedy, and would finally return to the White Business firm at around three:30 am.[4]

The inaugural nor'easter [edit]

A major winter storm occurred the mean solar day before the inauguration, with temperatures at twenty °F (−7 °C) and snowfall at 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) per hr[six] and a total of eight inches (twenty cm) during the nighttime,[vii] causing transportation and logistical problems in Washington and serious concern for the inauguration.[half-dozen] [7] [8] [9]

On inauguration day, Jan 20, 1961, the skies began to clear simply the snow created anarchy in Washington, almost canceling the inaugural parade.[half-dozen] The U.Due south. Ground forces Corps of Engineers was put in charge of clearing the streets during the evening and forenoon before the inauguration, and were assisted past more than i,000 District of Columbia employees and 1,700 Boy Scouts.[half-dozen] This task force employed hundreds of dump trucks, forepart-end loaders, sanders, plows, rotaries, and flamethrowers to articulate the route.[half-dozen] Over 1,400 cars which had been stranded due to the conditions and lack of fuel had to be removed from the parade route along Pennsylvania Avenue.[6]

The snowstorm dropped visibility at Washington National Aerodrome to less than half a mile,[vi] preventing former president Herbert Hoover from flying into Washington and attending the inauguration.[10]

Inauguration proceedings [edit]

View of the extended Eastward Front of the Capitol where the inauguration was held. President Kennedy is in the center delivering his inaugural address, with Vice-President Johnson and official and invited guests sitting behind him.

Before proceeding to the Capitol in visitor with approachable president Dwight D. Eisenhower, Kennedy went to a morning Mass at Holy Trinity Catholic Church building in Georgetown.[3] Cardinal Richard Cushing gave the invocation at the inaugural which lasted for 12 minutes.[11] Additional prayers were recited by Archbishop Iakovos of the Greek Orthodox Church building and Reverend Dr. John Barclay of the Central Christian Church of Austin, Texas, and a blessing was offered by Rabbi Nelson Glueck. The invocation and prayers lasted a total of 28 minutes.[11] Marian Anderson sang "The Star-Spangled Banner", and a limerick by Leonard Bernstein titled "Fanfare for the Inauguration of John F. Kennedy" was played.

The oath of office for vice president was administered by Speaker of the House of Representatives Sam Rayburn to Lyndon Johnson.[12] This marked the start time a House speaker administered the oath, which had been given in previous inaugurations by either the president pro tempore of the Senate, the outgoing vice president, or a United States senator.[13]

Robert Frost, then 86 years sometime,[14] [15] recited his poem "The Souvenir Outright".[sixteen] [17] Kennedy requested Frost to read a verse form at the inauguration, suggesting "The Souvenir Outright",[17] [xviii] [nineteen] considered an act of gratitude towards Frost for his help during the campaign.[19] Kennedy would later state that he admired the "courage, the towering skill and daring" of Frost, and adding that "I've never taken the view the earth of politics and the world of poetry are so far apart. I recollect politicians and poets share at least one thing, and that is their greatness depends upon the backbone with which they confront the challenges of life."[17] American poet William Meredith would say that the request "focused attending on Kennedy as a man of culture, as a man interested in culture."[nineteen]

For John F. Kennedy His Inauguration

The celebrity of a next Augustan age
Of a power leading from its strength and pride,
Of young appetite eager to exist tried,
Firm in our free behavior without dismay,
In any game the nations want to play.
A golden age of poesy and power
Of which this noonday'south the commencement 60 minutes.

—Closing seven lines from Robert Frost's poem
"For John F. Kennedy His Inauguration",
the expanded version of "Dedication".[20]

Frost equanimous a new verse form titled Dedication specifically for the ceremony every bit a preface to the poem Kennedy suggested,[fifteen] [19] to the surprise of Kennedy's friends.[21] On the morning of the inauguration, Frost asked Stewart Udall, Kennedy's future Secretarial assistant of the Interior, to accept his handwritten draft type scripted for easier reading, to which Udall obliged.[21]

Once at the presidential podium, still, the glare of the sun and snow prevented him from reading his papers.[17] [22] When Frost started reading, he stumbled on the first three lines, squinting at his papers in view of the crowd and cameras.[17] Vice President Johnson tried to help past using his superlative hat as a shade, nevertheless Frost waved the offering bated, took the hat and jokingly said "I'll aid y'all with that", sparking laughter and adulation from the crowd and President Kennedy. Understanding the immediacy of the situation, Frost stated to the microphones that "this [the poem] was to accept been a preface to a poem which I do not have to read",[xviii] and began to recite "The Gift Outright" from memory.[xv] [17] [22] This marks the first time a poem was read at a presidential inauguration, a characteristic repeated past future presidents Nib Clinton, Barack Obama, and Joe Biden at their respective ceremonies.[14] [23] [24] [25]

Frost gave the blazon scripted version of the undelivered "Dedication" poem to Udall after the ceremony, who eventually donated the certificate to the Library of Congress where information technology is stored today.[21] The original manuscript version, personally defended by Frost, was provided to the president and currently held by the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.[twenty] [26] Kennedy's wife Jacqueline framed this manuscript version, writing on the back of the frame: For Jack. First thing I had framed to be put in your office. First thing to exist hung there. [xx] [26] Frost officially presented the poem, retitled to For John F. Kennedy His Inauguration and expanded from 42 to 77 lines, to Kennedy in March 1962.[17] The unread poem (published in 1962 as part of Frost'south In the Clearing verse collection) was finally recited at the U.South. Capitol past Chaplain Daniel P. Coughlin during the 50th anniversary celebrations of Kennedy'south inauguration.[xv]

Oath of office [edit]

The adjuration of office of the president was administered to Kennedy by Chief Justice Earl Warren using a closed family Bible at 12:51 (ET) although he officially became president at the stroke of noon.[12] [27] [28] [29] [30] Kennedy did not wear an overcoat when taking the oath of function and delivering the inaugural address, despite the cold conditions of 22 °F (−6 °C) with windchill at seven °F (−14 °C) at noon.[6] [seven] [31]

Inaugural accost [edit]

Video of John F. Kennedy being sworn in equally thirty-5th president of the United States, and delivering his inaugural address.

Immediately after reciting the oath of part, President Kennedy turned to address the crowd gathered at the Capitol. His 1366-word[32] inaugural address, the first delivered to a televised audience in colour,[14] is considered one of the best presidential inaugural speeches in American history.[33] [35]

Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and biting peace, proud of our ancient heritage—and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those homo rights to which this nation has ever been committed, and to which we are committed today at dwelling house and around the world.[36]

And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can exercise for yous—ask what you can practise for your land.[36]

Drafting [edit]

The oral communication was crafted by Kennedy and his speech writer Ted Sorensen. Kennedy had Sorensen written report President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address as well equally other inaugural speeches.[37] [38] Kennedy began collecting thoughts and ideas for his inauguration speech in tardily November 1960. He took suggestions from various friends, aides and counselors, including suggestions from clergymen for biblical quotations. Kennedy then made several drafts using his own thoughts and some of those suggestions.[39] Kennedy included in his speech several suggestions made by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith and by the onetime Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson Two. Kennedy'south line "Let usa never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fright to negotiate." is about identical to Galbraith'southward suggestion "Nosotros shall never negotiate out of fear. But we shall never fright to negotiate." Stevenson's suggestion "if the free way of life doesn't help the many poor of this world it will never relieve the few rich." was the basis for Kennedy's line "If a free gild cannot assist the many who are poor, it cannot salvage the few who are rich."[forty]

Main ideas of the speech [edit]

Kennedy came into power at the acme of the Cold War with the difficult goals of maintaining peaceful international relations and representing the United States every bit a potent global strength. These themes dominated his inaugural address. Kennedy highlighted the newly discovered dangers of nuclear power and the accelerating artillery race, making the point that a focus on firepower should be replaced with a focus on international relations and helping the impoverished of the earth.[41] According to speechwriter Ted Sorensen, the most of import judgement in the speech, expressing the core of Kennedy's policy, was: "For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubtfulness can we exist certain across doubt that they will never exist employed."[42] Sorensen revealed in 2007 that John F. Kennedy had v objectives in mind with his speech communication, all of which, according to Sorensen, were accomplished.[43] Sorensen called Kennedy'due south spoken communication "wise and courageous" and concluded: "Kennedy'south inaugural address was world-irresolute, heralding the commencement of a new American administration and foreign policy determined upon a peaceful victory in the west'southward long cold war struggle with the Soviet Union over the world's future direction. [...] It was a argument of core values - his and the nation'due south at that time - that he very much believed needed to be conveyed."[43]

Rhetorical elements [edit]

The main focus of the speech tin can crudely be boiled down to i theme—the relationship between duty and power.[44] This is emphasized by Kennedy's strong use of juxtaposition in the commencement part of the speech. For example, he states in the second passage, "... Human holds in his mortal easily the power to abolish all forms of homo poverty and all forms of human life," a clear calling-out of non only America, but as well other nations of power for skewed Cold War priorities. He again employs the strategy in the fifth passage when he says, "United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can practise," again appealing to the idea of refocusing of international values.[45] Over again, afterward exhorting "both sides" to activity, he calls on all of "us" "to conduct the burden of a long twilight struggle ... against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, illness, and war itself,"[46] though the phrase "long twilight struggle" came to be associated with the cold war struggle against communism.[47]

I of the chief components of classical rhetoric; kairos—which means to say or exercise whatever is plumbing fixtures in a given situation, and is the style with which the orator clothes the proof, as well every bit to prepon (the appropriate)—which means what is said must conform to both audience and occasion, are also extremely prevalent in this address.[48] Recognizing the fear and feet prevalent in the American people since the start of the Cold War, Kennedy geared his speech to take an optimistic and even idealistic tone as a means of providing condolement. He does this by quickly moving the fourth dimension of the spoken communication into the hereafter, and invokes repetition of the phrase "Permit both sides ..." to insinuate to how he plans to deal with strained relations while as well appealing to the finish goal of international unity. He as well phrases negative ideas in a manner so equally to present them as opportunities—a challenge, appealing to innately American ideals. A nifty line to emphasize this is in the fourth from last passage, where he states, "In the long history of the world, only a few generations accept been granted the role of defending freedom in its 60 minutes of maximum danger," a elementary twist of words that challenges the American public rather than frightening them.

It was also in his inaugural address that John F. Kennedy spoke his famous words, "ask not what your country can do for you lot, ask what you can exercise for your country." This use of antimetabole can be seen even every bit a thesis statement of his oral communication—a call to action for the public to do what is right for the greater skilful. (This appears to be an elegant rephrasing of Franklin D. Roosevelt'south credence speech at the 1936 Autonomous National Convention: "To some generations much is given. Of other generations much is expected. This generation of Americans has a rendezvous with destiny.") [49]

Invited guests [edit]

Forth with official presidential guests and honorees, including former presidents, vice presidents, chiffonier members, and other Washington officials, the Kennedys invited famous men and women of the arts, including Carl Sandburg, John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Brendan Behan, Mark Rothko, and fashion icon and future Vogue editor Diana Vreeland.[iii]

Congressman Tip O'Neill sat next to wealthy Boston businessman George Kara:[3]

O'Neill recalled that Kara had nudged him and said, "Years from now, historians volition wonder what was on the young man's listen as he strode to take his adjuration of office. I bet he'south asking himself how George Kara got such a adept seat." That night, O'Neill and his wife danced over to the president'south box at the brawl in the Mayflower Hotel to congratulate him, and sure enough, Kennedy asked, "Was that George Kara sitting beside you?" O'Neill told Kennedy what Kara had said, and J.F.K replied, "Tip, y'all'll never believe it. I had my left hand on the Bible and my right hand in the air, and I was almost to take the oath of office, and I said to myself, 'How the hell did Kara get that seat?'"

Presidents and outset ladies [edit]

Five first ladies, Edith Wilson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Bess Truman, Mamie Eisenhower and Jackie Kennedy attended the event, as did hereafter start ladies Lady Bird Johnson, Pat Nixon, and Betty Ford.

Former president Harry South Truman joined presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy on the platform, as did future presidents Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon and Gerald Ford, making this, retroactively, the largest conclave of the "presidential fraternity" prior to the opening of the Reagan Library in the 1990s.

Parade to the White Business firm [edit]

A vast parade forth Pennsylvania Avenue followed the inauguration ceremony, begetting the new president from Capitol Plaza to the White Business firm. Upon his arrival, Kennedy mounted a reviewing stand up shared with honored guests such every bit former president Harry Truman and onetime first ladies Edith Wilson and Eleanor Roosevelt. Throngs of onlookers and millions of television viewers also watched the procession; information technology took three hours to pass by. 16 thousand members of the US armed forces marched with displays of modern weaponry like the Minuteman missile and the supersonic B-70 bomber. A further sixteen thousand marchers were civilians ranging from federal and state officials to high schoolhouse bands and Boy Scouts, accompanied by 40 floats.[50]

Touch on [edit]

Kennedy's inauguration marked many firsts for the United states. Kennedy was the first Catholic inaugurated equally commander-in-main.[51] At the inauguration, Kennedy, then 43, was the youngest elected president and was replacing the oldest president in American history at that time, Eisenhower.[52] [53] [54] The historic period difference and visual bear upon of the turnover from Eisenhower'south presence to Kennedy'southward was noticeable at the inauguration.[31] [55] In add-on, Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to have been inaugurated equally president.[56]

The merits that Kennedy did not vesture a hat to his inauguration, and then single-handedly killed the men's chapeau industry,[57] [58] [59] is false.[59] [lx] Kennedy wore a pinnacle hat to the inauguration and to the balls in the evening, removing it only to be sworn in and give his accost. He in fact restored the tradition, after Eisenhower bankrupt with it by wearing a homburg instead of a top hat to both of his inaugurations.[59] Johnson, at his inauguration in 1965, was the showtime president to get completely hatless.[59] [60]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Bragdon, Henry W. (1998). History of a Costless Nation. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Loma. [ ISBN missing ] [ page needed ]
  2. ^ "44TH INAUGURAL CEREMONIES". United States Senate. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d eastward f k h i Purdum, Todd (February 2011). "From That Day Forth". Vanity Fair . Retrieved 2011-01-18 .
  4. ^ a b c d e f m h Doyle, Jack (21 August 2011). "The Jack Pack, Pt. two: 1961–2008". PopHistoryDig.com . Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  5. ^ Jacobs, George; Stadiem, William (2003). Mr. S.: The Last Give-and-take on Frank Sinatra. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN0-06-051516-3.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Jason Samenow (January 9, 2009). "Inauguration Weather: The Case of Kennedy". The Washington Mail . Retrieved February x, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c "Presidential Inaugural Weather: Worst Traffic Jam - 1961". U.S. National Weather Service . Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  8. ^ Paul J. Kocin and Louis W. Uccellini (2004). Northeast Snowstorms. American Meteorological Society. p. 400. ISBNone-878220-64-0.
  9. ^ Andrea Stone (Feb ten, 2010). "Record Falls With Snow in Washington, DC". AOL News. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved Feb ten, 2010.
  10. ^ National Weather Service Sterling, VA. "Presidential Countdown Weather". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
  11. ^ a b "Newdow five. Bush, 391 F. Supp. 2d 95 (D.D.C. 2005), Appendix D: Countdown Clergy" (PDF). U.s.a. Commune Court, District of Columbia. 17 Dec 2004. p. 2 of Appendix, footnote 26. No. Civ.A.04-2208(JDB). Retrieved 2014-02-11 .
  12. ^ a b "President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1961". Joint Congressional Commission on Countdown Ceremonies. Retrieved 2009-01-21 .
  13. ^ "Inaugurals of Presidents of the Us: Some Precedents and Notable Events". Library of Congress, citing Roll Call article of xviii January 1961 . Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  14. ^ a b c Wolly, Brian (17 December 2008). "History & Archaeology: Inaugural Firsts – When was the first inaugural parade? Who had the longest inaugural address? A look at presidential inaugurations through time". Smithsonian Magazine . Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  15. ^ a b c d Wirzbicki, Alan (11 January 2011). "The poem Robert Frost wanted to read at John F. Kennedy's inauguration". Boston.com. Boston Globe. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  16. ^ Tuten, Nancy Lewis; Zubizarreta, John (2001). The Robert Frost Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0313294648
  17. ^ a b c d east f thousand Associated Printing (30 Jan 1963). "Robert Frost Dies at 88; Kennedy Leads in Tribute". New York Times . Retrieved xi February 2014.
  18. ^ a b "Robert Frost Adds Poet's Touch". The New York Times. 21 Jan 1961.
  19. ^ a b c d "Poetry and Power: Robert Frost'due south Inaugural Reading". Poets.org. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved xi February 2014.
  20. ^ a b c Camia, Catalina (26 September 2010). "Why poet Frost made a terminal-minute switch at JFK's inauguration". USA Today . Retrieved eleven February 2014.
  21. ^ a b c Birney, Alice. "Stewart 50. Udall Collection: Robert Frost's Dedication". Library of Congress . Retrieved eleven Feb 2014.
  22. ^ a b "The Poetry of Robert Frost". Library of Congress. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
  23. ^ Michael East. Ruane (2008-12-17). "Option Provides Ceremonious Rights Symmetry". Washington Post . Retrieved 2009-01-fifteen .
  24. ^ Rosenthal, Harry (20 January 1997). "Poet Addresses Countdown Event". Washington Mail . Retrieved eleven Feb 2014.
  25. ^ Change, Alexandra. "Amanda Gorman Captures the Moment, in Verse".
  26. ^ a b "Robert Frost'south Original Verse form for JFK'due south Inauguration Finds Way to Kennedy Presidential Library". John F. Kennedy Library and Museum. JFKPOF-140-045. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
  27. ^ "John F. Kennedy and Ireland – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum". Jfklibrary.org. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
  28. ^ New York Times, Jan 21, 1961, p. 8, col. one.
  29. ^ "White House Diaries". John F. Kennedy Library and Museum. Retrieved January eight, 2008.
  30. ^ "Kennedy Was in Office Despite Delay in Oath". The New York Times. January 21, 1961. p. 13.
  31. ^ a b "Kennedy'southward Words, Obama'south Challenge". The New York Times. January 19, 2009.
  32. ^ Peters, Gerhard (ed.). "Inaugural Addresses (including length in words) Washington – Trump". Academy of California, Santa Barbara: The American Presidency Project. Retrieved Oct 17, 2018.
  33. ^ Kennedy, John Fitzgerald. "Inaugural Address". American Rhetoric. Retrieved July 7, 2008.
  34. ^ Wyatt, Edward (10 May 2005). "Two Authors Inquire About 'Ask Not'". New York Times . Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  35. ^ "Greatest speeches of the 20th century". The Guardian . Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  36. ^ a b "John F. Kennedy Quotations: President Kennedy's Countdown Address, January twenty, 1961". Boston Massachusetts: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  37. ^ JFK Library. "Analyzing the Inaugural Address" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2011.
  38. ^ Theodore C. Sorensen (October 2008). "Ted Sorensen on Abraham Lincoln: A Human being of His Words". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on February 13, 2022. Retrieved Feb 13, 2022. Abraham Lincoln, the greatest American president, was also in my view the best of all presidential speechwriters. Every bit a youngster in Lincoln, Nebraska, I stood earlier the statue of the president gracing the west side of the towering state capitol and soaked up the words of his Gettysburg Address, inscribed on a granite slab behind the statue. Two decades later, in January 1961, President-elect John F. Kennedy asked me to study those words once again, in preparing to help him write his inaugural accost. He besides asked me to read all previous 20th-century inaugural addresses. I did not acquire much from those speeches (except for FDR's offset inaugural), just I learned a great deal from Lincoln's ten sentences.
  39. ^ National Athenaeum and Records Administration. "John F. Kennedy's countdown address, 1961". Retrieved Jan 29, 2008.
  40. ^ "Analyzing the Rhetoric of JFK's Inaugural Address" (PDF). Section of Educational activity and Public Programs, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  41. ^ "John F. Kennedy Inaugural Accost". Bartleby.
  42. ^ Talbot, David (May 8, 2007). Brothers: The Hidden History of the Kennedy Years. London: Simon & Schuster UK Ltd. pp. 38–39. ISBN9781847395856. Looking dorsum, Ted Sorensen, Kennedy's essential collaborator, saw nothing contradictory about the inaugural address. It embodied, he said, Kennedy'southward fundamental philosophy of peace through strength. "The line in the inaugural address that is the well-nigh of import is non 'Ask non what your country can do for you.' It's 'For just when our arms are sufficient across doubt that tin can we be sure beyond doubt that they will never be employed.' That was the Kennedy policy in a nutshell. He wasn't for unilaterial disarmament-on the opposite, he wanted to build an overwhelming nuclear advantage, so we'd never have to employ them, the Soviets would never dare to challenge u.s.."
  43. ^ a b Ted Sorensen (Apr 22, 2007). "Groovy speeches of the 20th century: The Kennedys. Ted Sorenson: JFK's inaugural address was world-changing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August xv, 2021. Retrieved Baronial fifteen, 2021.
  44. ^ "The Timeless Speech: A Close Textual Assay of John F. Kennedy'southward Inaugural". Biane.
  45. ^ "Text Analysis, John F. Kennedy, 1961." Cruz.
  46. ^ Thurston Clarke (2010). Inquire Not: The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech That Inverse America. Penguin. p. 39. ISBN978-1101478059.
  47. ^ Thomas Alan Schwartz (1994). "Victories and Defeats in the Long Twilight Struggle: The United states and Western Europe in the 1960s". In Diane B. Kunz (ed.). The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations During the 1960s. Columbia Academy Press. p. 115. ISBN978-0231081771.
  48. ^ "Toward a Sophistic Definition of Rhetoric." Poulakos. Philosophy and Rhetoric 16(1983):35–48.
  49. ^ "Credence Speech for the Renomination for the Presidency, Philadelphia, Pa". presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2018-06-04 .
  50. ^ "Dazzling Military Might Goes On Parade for New President". The Terre Haute Tribune. Terre Haute, IN. UPI. January 20, 1961. Retrieved December 10, 2016 – via Newspapers.com. open access
  51. ^ Frank Freidel and Hugh Sidey. "The Presidents of the U.s.: John F. Kennedy". WhiteHouse.gov. White House Historical Association. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  52. ^ "Reagan Now Oldest President". The New York Times. Reuters. May 17, 1981. p. 28.
  53. ^ Lawrence, W.H. (January 21, 1961). "Kennedy Sworn in, Asks 'Global Alliance' Against Tyranny, Want, Disease, and War; Republicans and Diplomats Hail Address". The New York Times. p. 1.
  54. ^ Business Insider. "Donald Trump is the oldest president elected in United states history". Business Insider . Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  55. ^ Brooks, David (xiv March 2011). "The Ike Phase". The New York Times . Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  56. ^ Crouch, Ian (20 January 2011). "Robert Frost and J.F.One thousand., L Years After". The New Yorker . Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  57. ^ Robert Krulwich (4 May 2012). "Who Killed Men's Hats? Call back Of A Three Letter Word Starting time With 'I'". NPR. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  58. ^ Sam Parker (xix November 2013). "How to vesture a hat and expect good". Esquire . Retrieved sixteen August 2015.
  59. ^ a b c d "Hat Fox". Snopes. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  60. ^ a b "Inaugural Traditions: Dude, Where's My Peak Hat?". ABC News. 19 January 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2015.

Bibliography [edit]

  • Clarke, Thurston Ask Not : The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech communication That Changed America. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2004. ISBN 0-8050-7213-6.
  • Rhetorical Terms and Techniques of Persuasion from Kennedy's Inaugural Address. United States Department of Education and Public Programs, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.

External links [edit]

  • John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
  • Library of Congress, John F. Kennedy Presidential Inauguration
  • President Kennedy 1961 Countdown Address (with sound) on YouTube
  • As delivered text of Kennedy's Inaugural Accost
  • Audio of Kennedy's Inaugural Address

petersonbonly1984.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy

0 Response to "Ask Not What Your Country Can Do for You, but Ask What You Can Do for Your Country""

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel